Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors demonstrate promising as a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment due to their high efficiency in removing various contaminants. This article presents a comprehensive evaluation/assessment/analysis of the performance of PVDF membrane bioreactors in treating municipal/industrial/agricultural

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) utilizing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes have emerged as a promising technology for wastewater treatment due to their high efficiency in removing both organic and inorganic pollutants. This article presents a detailed performance evaluation of PVDF membrane bioreactors, examining key parameters such as permeate